These are areas of damaged cartilage and bone in the ankle joint. They are caused by injuries to the ankle such as fractures and sprains. Common symptoms include ankle pain and swelling. The diagnosis is made with a combination of a physical exam and imaging studies like X rays, CT or MRI. The treatment is based on the size, location, and stability of the OCD. Surgery often consists of scraping away the damaged cartilage and drilling small holes in the bone to promote healing. Bone grafting and cartilage transplant procedures also can be performed.